Sistemas InteligentesMotivado Pela Forte Expansão Da área De Inteligência Artificial E Sua Crescente Necessidade De Cooperação Interdisciplinar, O Grupo De Pesquisadores Da Rede Cooperativa De Pesquisa Em Inteligência Artificial - Recope-ia Escreveu Este Livro Como Um Dos Resultados De Cinco Anos De Trabalho. Sistemas Inteligentes - Fundamentos E Aplicações Aborda Os Principais Avanços Teóricos E Práticos De Metodologias E Técnicas Utilizadas No Desenvolvimento De Sistemas Inteligentes, Que Desempenham Um Papel Cada Vez Maior Na Sociedade Da Informação, Atualmente Disponíveis Apenas Na Literatura Específica Publicada Em Língua Estrangeira. Escrito Por Profissionais Que Atuam Em Universidades E órgãos Públicos, Este Livro Oferece Um Panorama Amplo E Diversificado A Respeito Das Principais Técnicas De Inteligência Artificial Que Apóiam O Desenvolvimento De Sistemas Inteligentes, Assim Como Aplicações Dos Temas Abordados. Entre Os Temas Tratados Estão: - Sistemas Baseados Em Conhecimento - Aquisição De Conhecimento - Conceitos Sobre Aprendizado De Máquina - Indução De Regras E Árvores De Decisão - Redes Neurais Artificiais - Sistemas Fuzzy - Sistemas Neuro Fuzzy - Computação Evolutiva - Sistemas Inteligentes Híbridos - Agentes E Multiagentes - Mineração De Dados - Mineração De Texto Sistemas Inteligentes - Fundamentos E Aplicações é Uma Referência Essencial, Principalmente, Para Estudantes De Graduação E Pós-graduação De Ciências Exatas, Assim Como Para Profissionais Que Trabalham Com Sistemas Inteligentes, Ajudando-os A Desenvolver, Aperfeiçoar E Avaliar Esses Tipos De Sistemas. Solange Oliveira Rezende: Licenciada Em Ciências Com Habilitação Em Matemática Pela Universidade Federal De Uberlândia (ufu), Mestre Em Ciências De Computação E Matemática Computacional Pelo Instituto De Ciências Matemáticas E De Computação (icmc) Da Universidade De São Paulo (usp), Doutora Em Engenharia Mecânica Pela Escola De Engenharia De São Carlos Da Usp, Pós-doutorado Pelo Departamento De Computação Da University Of Minnesota, Eua. Atua Como Professora Do Departamento De Ciências De Computação E Estatística Do Icmc Da Usp São Carlos Desde 1991.
ISBN 10: 8520416837
ISBN 13: 9788520416839
Social Policies in Times of Austerity and Populism: Lessons from BrazilFeaturing the latest research by Brazilian-based scholars previously inaccessible to an English-speaking audience, this book is a timely, authoritative, multidisciplinary overview of social policies in Brazil during the Temer austerity and the Bolsonaro populist presidencies. The breadth of policies studied herein provides clues on the political agenda, preferences, and strategies during this tumultuous period in Brazil’s history.Divided into four parts, Part I is a conceptualization: it brings basic understanding of Brazilian social policies, explains the trajectory of the Brazil political landscape, including the growth of a populist right-wing movement, the economic crisis and the increase in poverty and inequality in Brazil prior, and the threat to democracy brought about by the disinformation ecosystem. Part II discusses social security, social assistance, conditional cash transfers, and healthcare. Part III analyzes the neoliberal strategies to social investment policies, specifically labor, family, and education. In Part IV, the authors turn their attention to non-conventional topics that are not typically included in research on welfare state retrenchment, including the environment and indigenous rights, and police violence and gun control.Social Policies in Times of Austerity and Populism is unhesitatingly recommended to all those who teach welfare state politics, comparative public policy, development studies, Brazilian politics, and right-wing politics.ISBN 10: 1032758376ISBN 13: 9781032758374
Software-Defined Networking with OpenFlow - Second Edition: Deliver innovative business solutionsOpenFlow paves the way for an open, centrally programmable structure, thereby accelerating the effectiveness of Software-Defined Networking.ISBN 10: 1783984287ISBN 13: 9781783984282
Stream Ecology: Structure and Function of Running WatersStream Ecology: Structure and Function of Running Waters is designed to serve as a textbook for advanced undergraduate and graduate students, and as a reference source for specialists in stream ecology and related fields. This Third Edition is thoroughly updated and expanded to incorporate significant advances in our understanding of environmental factors, biological interactions, and ecosystem processes, and how these vary with hydrological, geomorphological, and landscape setting.The broad diversity of running waters – from torrential mountain brooks, to large, lowland rivers, to great river systems whose basins occupy sub-continents – makes river ecosystems appear overwhelming complex. A central theme of this book is that although the settings are often unique, the processes at work in running waters are general and increasingly well understood.Even as our scientific understanding of stream ecosystems rapidly advances, the pressures arising from diverse humanactivities continue to threaten the health of rivers worldwide. This book presents vital new findings concerning human impacts, and the advances in pollution control, flow management, restoration, and conservation planning that point to practical solutions.Reviews of the first edition:".. an unusually lucid and judicious reassessment of the state of stream ecology"Science Magazine"..provides an excellent introduction to the area for advanced undergraduates and graduate students…" Limnology & Oceanography"… a valuable reference for all those interested in the ecology of running waters." Transactions of the American Fisheries SocietyReviews of the second edition:"Overall, a must for the field centre and a good starter text in stream ecology." (TEN News, October, 2007)"Highly recommended. Upper-division undergraduates through faculty." (P. R. Pinet, CHOICE, Vol. 45 (7), 2008)"... a very good, fluidly readable book which contains the latest key scientific knowledge of the ecology of running waters." (Daniel Graeber, International Review of Hydrobiology, Vol. 94 (2), 2009)ISBN 10: 3030612856ISBN 13: 9783030612856
Texto Sem Misterio, ONa Universidade, A Leitura De Autores Diversos E A Escrita Para Os Mais Variados Fins São, Portanto, Atividades Rotineiras E Importantes Para A Boa Formação. Pensando Nisso, As Professoras Norma Goldstein, Maria Silvia Louzada E Regina Ivamoto Fizeram Este Livro Para Ajudar O Estudante A Aprimorar Sua Competência Em Leitura E Escrita. Na Primeira Parte, As Autoras Abordam Conceitos Básicos Para Os Estudos Do Texto, Tais Como Linguagem, Coesão E Coerência. Na Segunda, Analisam As Características De Gêneros Textuais Que Fazem Parte Da Vida Diária Do Estudante, Tais Como Notícia, Reportagem, Artigo De Opinião, Resenha, Relatório De Pesquisa, Projeto De Pesquisa Científica E Trabalho De Conclusão De Curso. Com Mais De 140 Atividades, Sugeridas à Medida Que Os Aspectos Teóricos São Explicados, As Autoras Procuram Demonstrar Que, Antes De Escrever Ou Ler Um Texto, é Preciso Ter Em Vista Algumas Questões - O Que Se Pretende Dizer? Para Quem? Com Que Finalidade? De Que Maneira? Somente Com A Compreensão Dessas Variáveis Poderemos Interpretar Criticamente Os Sentidos Implícitos Nos Textos Lidos E Escrever Textos Adequados A Cada Situação De Comunicação, Seja Na Faculdade, Ou Fora Dela.ISBN 10: 8508126840ISBN 13: 9788508126842
The Biology of Mangroves -Biology of Habitats SeriesMangrove trees, uniquely others, can flourish on shores where they are regularly flooded by seawater. Their rich, diverse, and biologically unique environment is of great biological interest, yet poorly understood. Mangroves are also of vital economic importance throughout the tropics, since they protect shores against erosion and are the basis of many local fisheries and other human activities. This book gives an up-to-date, readable overview of the biology of mangrove systems. The text is clear and lively, well-illustrated, and supplemented with ample references for further reading. It provides an excellent introduction of anyone intending to work in research or management in mangrove systems, and will be ideal for students taking courses in marine sciences or environmental biology. No other book covers all aspects of the biology of mangroves.ISBN 10: 0198502222ISBN 13: 9780198502227
The Botany of MangrovesMangroves are distinctive tropical plant communities that occupy the intertidal zone between sea and land. They are of major ecological importance, have economic value as a source of food and raw materials, and serve as a buffer from flooding and climate change-induced sea level rise. Mangroves are under threat from pollution, clearance and over-exploitation, and increasing concern has driven demand for an improved understanding of mangrove species. This book provides an introduction to mangroves, including their taxonomy, habitat-specific features, reproduction and socio-economic value. Fully updated to reflect the last two decades of research, this new edition of a key text includes newly documented taxa, new understandings of vivipary and the evolution of mangrove species, and a rich set of colour illustrations. It will appeal to researchers and students across a range of disciplines, including botany, ecology and zoology.ISBN 10: 1107080673ISBN 13: 9781107080676
The Brazilian Economy since the Great Financial Crisis of 2007/2008This book examines the performance of the Brazilian economy since the Great Financial Crisis of 2007/2008 with focus on both the productive and financial dimensions, along with distributional and social issues. The book will bring to light the causes of the fast recovery over 2009-2010 as well as of the slowdown after 2011. The chapters use econometric approaches and traditional Keynesian and post-Keynesian theories to empirically analyse the macro scenario. They explore monetary policy, fiscal policy, alongside discussion of investments and the exchange rate market, and an analysis of social policy and its impact on the economy.ISBN 10: 3319878948ISBN 13: 9783319878942
The Ecology of Phytoplankton -Ecology, Biodiversity and ConservationCommunities of microscopic plant life, or phytoplankton, dominate the Earth's aquatic ecosystems. This important new book by Colin Reynolds covers the adaptations, physiology and population dynamics of phytoplankton communities in lakes and rivers and oceans. It provides basic information on composition, morphology and physiology of the main phyletic groups represented in marine and freshwater systems and in addition reviews recent advances in community ecology, developing an appreciation of assembly processes, co-existence and competition, disturbance and diversity. Although focussed on one group of organisms, the book develops many concepts relevant to ecology in the broadest sense, and as such will appeal to graduate students and researchers in ecology, limnology and oceanography.ISBN 10: 0521605199ISBN 13: 9780521605199
The Evolution of Organ SystemsSystematics has developed rapidly during the past two decades. A multitude of new methods and contributions from a diversity of biological fields including molecular genetics and developmental biology have provided a wealth of phylogenetic hypotheses, some confirming traditional views others contradicting them. Despite such inconsistencies, it is now possible to recognize robust regions of a 'tree of life' and also to identify problematic areas which have yet to be resolved. This is the first book to apply the current state of phylogeny to an evolutionary interpretation of animal organ systems and body architecture, providing alternative theories in those cases of continuing controversy.Organs do not appear suddenly during evolution; instead they are composed of far simpler structures. In some cases it is even possible to trace particular molecules or physiological pathways as far back as pre-animal history. What emerges is a fascinating picture, showing how animals have combined ancestral and new elements in novel ways to form constantly changing responses to environmental requirements.The Evolution of Organ Systems starts with a general overview of current animal phylogeny, followed by review of general body organization including symmetry, anteroposterior axis, dorsoventral axis, germ layers, segmentation, and skeletons. Subsequent chapters then provide a detailed description of the individual organ systems themselves - integument, musculature, nervous system, sensory organs, body cavities, excretory system, circulatory system, respiratory system, intestinal system, gonads and gametes. Generously illustrated throughout, this accessible text is suitable for both upper level undergraduate and graduate students taking courses in animal evolution, organogenesis, animal anatomy, zoology and systematics. It will also be a valuable reference tool for those professional researchers in these fields requiring an authoritative, balanced and up-to-date overview of the topic.ISBN 10: 0198566697ISBN 13: 9780198566694
The Good Life: The Meaning of Success for the American Middle ClassProbes the historical, economic, and cultural context of the middle class, showing how immigration and settlement patterns contributed to its growth, and investigates the middle class preoccupation with success, youth, material wealth, and loveISBN 10: 0060972750ISBN 13: 9780060972752
The History of Ancient Chinese Economic Thought -Routledge Studies in the History of EconomicsThis volume comprises twelve papers written by Chinese scholars on various aspects of the history of ancient Chinese economic thought. The contributions are preceded by an introduction which gives an overview of the development of the subject of history of economic thought in China, and which also provides an historical context to the individuals who constitute the major "schools" of ancient Chinese economic thought.The authors of the papers are leading scholars who have dominated this research area since the founding of New China in 1949, while the broad range of topics covered by the contributions includes questions of methodology, detailed and sometimes controversial interpretations of texts and "schools", and the international influence and modern relevance of ancient Chinese thought. A recurrent theme is that ancient Chinese thought has at least as much to offer to the historian as ancient Western thought. As the first such volume of papers to be translated into English, this collection provides a unique opportunity for non-Chinese readers to sample the way in which Chinese historians of economics have attempted to understand their own intellectual heritage.This book will be relevant to scholars interested in the history of economic thought, economic history and Chinese studies.ISBN 10: 1032099011ISBN 13: 9781032099019
The International Handbook of the Demography of Race and Ethnicity -International Handbooks of PopulationExamining key countries in every region of world, this handbook presents population profiles and analyses concerning racial/ethnic disparities and changing intergroup relations. Inside, prominent scholars from various parts of the world and disciplines address the links between stratification, demography, and conflict across the globe.Organized by region/continent, coverage for each profiled country includes demographic information; a historical overview that addresses past racial/ethnic conflict; identification of the most salient demographic trends and issues that the country faces; theoretical issues related to the linkages between stratification, demography, and conflict; methodological issues including quality of data and cutting-edge methods to better understand the issue at hand; and details on the possible future of the existing trends and issues with particular emphasis on public policy and human rights.This handbook will help readers to better understand the commonalities and differences that exist globally in the interplay between stratification, demography, and conflict. In addition, it also provides an excellent inventory of theoretical perspectives and methodological approaches that are needed to better comprehend this issue.This handbook will appeal to students, researchers, and policy analysts in the areas of race and ethnic relations, demography, inequality, international sociology, international relations, foreign studies, social geography, and social development.ISBN 10: 9401777004ISBN 13: 9789401777001
The Palgrave International Handbook of Mixed Racial and Ethnic ClassificationThis handbook provides a global study of the classification of mixed race and ethnicity at the state level, bringing together a diverse range of country case studies from around the world.
The classification of race and ethnicity by the state is a common way to organize and make sense of populations in many countries, from the national census and birth and death records, to identity cards and household surveys. As populations have grown, diversified, and become increasingly transnational and mobile, single and mutually exclusive categories struggle to adequately capture the complexity of identities and heritages in multicultural societies. State motivations for classification vary widely, and have shifted over time, ranging from subjugation and exclusion to remediation and addressing inequalities. The chapters in this handbook illustrate how differing histories and contemporary realities have led states to count and classify mixedness in different ways, for different reasons.
This collection will serve as a key reference point on the international classification of mixed race and ethnicity for students and scholars across sociology, ethnic and racial studies, and public policy, as well as policy makers and practitioners.
ISBN 10: 3030228762
ISBN 13: 9783030228767
The Social Economy: International Perspectives on Economic SolidarityAs the current economic crisis spreads around the globe questions are being asked about what king of capitalist or post-capitalist economy will follow. There is increasing talk of the need for stringent economic regulation, the need to temper greed and individualism, to make the economy work for human and social development. The search is on for a kinder, greener, less unequal and more redistributive economy.This transitional moment, with its pointed questions about the economy to come, provides an opportunity to assess the role and potential of the 'social economy', that is, economic activity in between market and state oriented towards meeting social needs. Until a decade ago, the term was used mainly by the fringe to describe the 'alternative economy'. Typically, organisations providing affordable child-care to low-wage families in a poor neighbourhood, or those making goods from recycled materials for low-income households, were considered to be residual or marginal to a mainstream dominated by markets and states.In the last decade, expectation in both the developed and developing world has changed in quite radical ways. Mainstream opinion is starting to see the social economy as a source of building social capabilities as well as developing new markets in welfare provision. Policymakers around the world have begun to support the social economy, and increasingly on business grounds, jostling with traditional interest on the fringe in the sector as a moral and social alternative to the capitalist economy.It is precisely this emerging but disputed centrality of the social economy that makes this book so timely. The book positions the social economy conceptually and normatively with the help of case evidence from a number of developed and developing countries. Uniquely, it brings together in English the work of leading scholars of the social economy who are also actively engaged in national and international policy formulation. Although it argues a case for seeing the social economy as distinctive from the state and market in terms of aims, values, and actors, it also notes many overlaps and complementarities once the economy is conceptualised as a plural entity responding to needs in diverse organisational combinations. The book also shows that expectations - social and economic - cannot be divorced from local institutional and historical circumstances and legacies. Accordingly, while certain generic policy principles can be shared internationally, interventions on the ground cannot ignore the demands of situated practice and legacy.ISBN 10: 1848132824ISBN 13: 9781848132825
The Theory of Ecological Communities -MPB-57 -Monographs in Population Biology, 57A plethora of different theories, models, and concepts make up the field of community ecology. Amid this vast body of work, is it possible to build one general theory of ecological communities? What other scientific areas might serve as a guiding framework? As it turns out, the core focus of community ecology-understanding patterns of diversity and composition of biological variants across space and time-is shared by evolutionary biology and its very coherent conceptual framework, population genetics theory. The Theory of Ecological Communities takes this as a starting point to pull together community ecology's various perspectives into a more unified whole.Mark Vellend builds a theory of ecological communities based on four overarching processes: selection among species, drift, dispersal, and speciation. These are analogues of the four central processes in population genetics theory-selection within species, drift, gene flow, and mutation-and together they subsume almost all of the many dozens of more specific models built to describe the dynamics of communities of interacting species. The result is a theory that allows the effects of many low-level processes, such as competition, facilitation, predation, disturbance, stress, succession, colonization, and local extinction to be understood as the underpinnings of high-level processes with widely applicable consequences for ecological communities.Reframing the numerous existing ideas in community ecology, The Theory of Ecological Communities provides a new way for thinking about biological composition and diversity.ISBN 10: 0691164843ISBN 13: 9780691164847
Tropical Ecosystems and Ecological ConceptsTropical habitats cover over one third of the Earth's terrestrial surface and harbor much of its biodiversity, with many areas rich in endemic species. However, these ecosystems are under significant and growing threat from issues such as deforestation, land degradation and ocean acidification. This introductory textbook provides a comprehensive guide to the major tropical biomes. It is unique in its balanced coverage of both aquatic and terrestrial systems and in its international scope. Each chapter is built around a particular tropical ecosystem, with descriptive case studies providing a framework around which ecological concepts and applied ecological topics are presented. This second edition has been thoroughly updated to reflect recent advances in the field and includes a greater focus on the impact of global climate change. The text is supported throughout by boxes containing supplementary material and is illustrated with over 200 clear, simple line diagrams, maps and photographs.ISBN 10: 0521177340ISBN 13: 9780521177344
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